Thanks to recent progress in Nanotechnologies and Material Science, physicists and condensed matter scientists are now able to build smart nano-devices with enhanced capabilities. Some of these new devices show functionalities that could be extremely interesting to implement complex functions at nano-scale in integrated circuits. 

Building hardware architectures based on these nano-devices is therefore an interesting road to fabricate more efficient specialized accelerators than could be done in CMOS, or implementing new functions that could not be achieved with CMOS. In the long term, very large scale Hybrid CMOS/nanodevice architectures can also be envisioned. 

To exploit to the best the unique properties  of the multifunctional nanodevices, new, device-specialized information processing paradigms have to be developed.